Office of Faculty Development  ·  Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine

Clinical Preceptor
Training Hub

Required training for OCOM clinical preceptors. Four short modules designed for your schedule — accessible from any device, completable at your own pace.

Required modules

Complete all four modules at your own pace. Each module includes a short reading, a practice scenario, and a brief completion form. A downloadable PDF quick reference card is available at the end of each module.

Module 1
Know Before They Arrive: Setting Up the Rotation
A practical checklist for preparing your clinic before your OCOM student arrives.
8 minChecklist
Module 2
Your Role, Their Safety: Title IX for Clinical Preceptors
Your Title IX obligations, the disclosure protocol, and who to call at OCOM.
10 minCompliance
Module 3
Feedback That Sticks: The BOSS Framework
A simple four-part structure for giving specific, actionable feedback to students.
10 minSkill-based
Module 4
The Preceptor-Student Relationship: Expectations on Both Sides
What OCOM expects, recognizing a struggling student, and how to escalate concerns.
8 minRelational
Module 5
Student Expectations & Requirements
What your OCOM student needs to know, do, and demonstrate on rotation.
8 minOrientation
Module 6
Introduction to Precepting
Foundational principles and practice for the clinical educator.
10 minOrientation
IM · Module 1
Teaching Clinical Reasoning in Internal Medicine
Frameworks for making diagnostic reasoning visible and teachable at the bedside.
10 minInternal Medicine
IM · Module 2
Bedside Teaching in Hospital Settings
How to teach effectively at the bedside while maintaining patient-centered care.
10 minInternal Medicine
Specialty Teaching
Teaching Across Specialties: The Generalist Preceptor
Frameworks, strategies, and confidence for supervising students outside your primary specialty.
30 minExtended moduleCase study

Welcome

Thank you for partnering with Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine. The clinical experiences you provide are among the most formative in our students’ education, and we are grateful for your commitment to their growth. This hub was designed with your schedule in mind — short, practical, and directly relevant to your experience with our students.

Key contacts
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 1 of 4  ·  Required  ·  8 min

Know Before They Arrive:
Setting Up the Rotation

Preceptor Orientation & Basics  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Prepare a rotation-ready environment and conduct a structured first-day orientation that sets expectations, builds rapport, and aligns student learning goals with OCOM rotation objectives.

Why this matters

The first day of a rotation sets the tone for everything that follows. Research in clinical medical education consistently shows that students who receive a structured orientation — covering workspace, expectations, and communication norms — have stronger learning outcomes and fewer mid-rotation concerns. This module walks you through exactly what to have in place before your OCOM student arrives and what to cover in your first conversation with them.

Before they arrive

Workspace & access
Designate a workspace or area for the student
Confirm EHR access has been requested through your site coordinator
Ensure student has badge/access to relevant clinical areas
Identify a locker or secure area for personal items
Documentation prep
Download the OCOM rotation guide for your specialty
Review student evaluation criteria and timeline
Note the mid-rotation check-in date on your calendar
Confirm required H&P and procedure log requirements
Team introduction
Brief your clinical staff that a student is arriving
Identify a nurse or MA who can help orient the student
Let front desk know the student’s name and start date
OCOM contacts saved
Save: clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Save: abrice@ocom.org (Faculty Development)
Bookmark the OCOM preceptor portal

Day one conversation

A 10-minute structured conversation on Day 1 prevents most mid-rotation problems. Students who know the rules perform better and ask better questions. Cover these five things:

1
Your expectations
Clinic hours, dress code, patient interaction level, documentation responsibilities.
2
Their learning goals
Ask “What do you most want to get out of this rotation?” and listen before sharing your plan.
3
Communication norms
How will you give feedback? Daily debrief, end-of-week check-in, or in the moment?
4
EHR & documentation
Show them your preferred workflow for student-written notes and orders.
5
Your open-door signal
How should they get your attention when you are with a patient?

First week rhythm

Graduated responsibility
Days 1–2: Observation mode — student watches and shadows. Introduce them to your 3–5 most common patient types.
Days 3–4: Graduated participation — student begins history-taking and presenting with your oversight.
End of week 1: First informal check-in (5 min) — ask: What is going well? What do you want more practice with?
Ongoing: Flag any concerns to the OCOM Office of Clinical Education early — do not wait until end of rotation.
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 1 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
Before a student arrives, which item is the preceptor responsible for coordinating? *
Scheduling the student’s OCOM exams
Confirming EHR access and workspace at the clinical site
Arranging student housing near the clinic
If a concern arises during rotation, you should: *
Document it only at the end-of-rotation evaluation
Contact the OCOM Office of Clinical Education promptly — do not wait
Dismiss the student and notify OCOM after the fact
I confirm I have reviewed Module 1 and understand the steps to prepare my clinic for an OCOM student prior to their first day of rotation.
Your response is recorded automatically. A confirmation will be sent to you.
Module 1 complete ✓
Thank you. Your completion has been recorded. Continue to Module 2 when you are ready.
Module 2 of 4  ·  Required  ·  10 min

Your Role, Their Safety:
Title IX for Clinical Preceptors

Title IX & Compliance  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
Note: The reporter designation language below is intentionally general pending policy verification. Once confirmed, update to your precise policy term and remove this notice.
By the end of this module you will be able to
Identify your Title IX obligations as a clinical preceptor affiliated with OCOM, recognize situations that require reporting, and know exactly what to do — and what not to do — when a student discloses a concern.

Why this module matters

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex-based discrimination — including sexual harassment and sexual misconduct — in educational programs. As a clinical preceptor, you are part of OCOM’s educational community even though you work off-campus. That means Title IX applies in your clinic whenever an OCOM student is present.

Your three-step protocol

1
Listen
Let the student speak without interruption. Be calm and present. Do not ask investigative questions.
2
Do not investigate
Do not confront the person named. Do not promise confidentiality. Do not gather evidence.
3
Report promptly
Email titleix@ocom.org the same day with a brief summary. OCOM handles everything from there.

Scenario practice

Consider this situation
“A third-year student pulls you aside after clinic and tells you that another student on rotation has been sending her uncomfortable text messages. She says she does not want to make it a big deal and asks you not to tell anyone. What is the right response?”
1
Listen without judgment. Thank her for trusting you. Do not minimize or over-reassure.
2
Be honest about your role. Tell her: “I care about your wellbeing and I am required to share this with OCOM’s Title IX office — but they will handle it carefully.”
3
Report the same day by emailing titleix@ocom.org with a brief factual summary of what was disclosed.
4
Do not contact the other student or discuss the matter with clinic staff.

Do’s and don’ts

Do
Listen calmly and let the student finish
Tell the student you are required to report
Report to titleix@ocom.org the same day
Maintain professional boundaries at all times
Contact OCOM if you are ever unsure
Do not
Promise confidentiality to the student
Investigate or confront the person named
Wait to report — delays affect the process
Dismiss concerns as minor or off-campus
Discuss the disclosure with clinic staff
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Student conduct concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 2 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
As a clinical preceptor, Title IX applies: *
Only on OCOM’s campus
In your clinic whenever an OCOM student is on rotation
Only if you personally witness an incident
If a student discloses a concern, your first step is to: *
Promise confidentiality so the student feels safe
Investigate by speaking to the person named
Listen without judgment, then report to titleix@ocom.org the same day
The correct Title IX contact at OCOM is: *
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
titleix@ocom.org
cme@ocom.org
I confirm I have reviewed Module 2 and understand my Title IX responsibilities as an OCOM clinical preceptor, including my obligation to report disclosures promptly to titleix@ocom.org.
Your response is recorded automatically.
Module 2 complete ✓
Thank you. Your completion has been recorded.
Module 3 of 4  ·  Required  ·  10 min

Feedback That Sticks:
The BOSS Framework

Feedback & Evaluation  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Apply the BOSS framework to deliver specific, behaviorally grounded, and actionable written feedback to OCOM students — moving beyond vague praise or end-of-rotation surprises.

Why feedback is the most important preceptor skill

Research in medical education consistently shows that students improve fastest when they receive feedback that is specific, timely, and tied to observable behavior. “Good job today” is encouraging. “Here is what you did well and here is what to do differently next time” is transformative. The BOSS framework gives you a simple, repeatable structure to make every piece of feedback count.

The four components

B
Brief observation
What did you actually see?
Describe a specific, observable behavior — not a trait or judgment. Ground the feedback in something concrete that happened.
Example
“During the patient encounter this morning, I noticed you did not make eye contact with the patient while taking the history.”
O
Observation of impact
Why does it matter?
Connect the behavior to its significance for the patient, the encounter, or the student’s development. This is the “so what” that makes feedback land.
Example
“The patient seemed hesitant to share details, which may have limited the information you gathered.”
S
Suggestion
What should they do differently?
Offer a specific, actionable recommendation the student can apply immediately — concrete enough to practice.
Example
“Try putting your pen down and turning your chair toward the patient before you begin asking questions.”
S
Strengths
What did they do well?
Reinforce specific strengths — not just to encourage, but because students need to know what to keep doing. Specific praise reinforces behavior.
Example
“Your question sequencing was excellent — you moved logically from chief complaint through history without losing the patient’s thread.”

Before and after

Without BOSS — vague

“Good work today. Keep it up. Try to be more confident with patients.”

The student does not know what was good, what confidence looks like in practice, or what to change tomorrow.

With BOSS — actionable

“When presenting, you listed your differential without explaining your reasoning. Next time walk me through your thinking step by step. Your physical exam was thorough — you did not miss a single key finding.”

The student knows exactly what happened, why it matters, and what to do differently.

Practice scenario

Apply BOSS to this situation
“Your third-year student just presented a diabetes follow-up patient. She gathered a complete history and had the correct medication adjustments in mind — but she read her notes the entire time and never engaged directly with the patient or with you. The patient looked disengaged.”
B
“During the diabetes follow-up, you read directly from your notes throughout without making eye contact with the patient or with me.”
O
“The patient appeared disengaged, and I was unable to assess your clinical reasoning because the presentation felt scripted.”
S
“For your next presentation, use only a brief outline — explain your reasoning in your own words and pause to make eye contact at key moments.”
S
“Your clinical knowledge was solid — your differential was accurate and your medication adjustment was appropriate.”
Rotation logistics
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 3 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
What does the first “S” in BOSS stand for? *
Summary of the encounter
Suggestion — a specific, actionable recommendation
Score — a numerical rating of performance
Which is the most effective feedback statement? *
“Good work today — keep it up and stay confident.”
“You need to improve your communication with patients.”
“You read from your notes throughout the presentation — try using a brief outline instead so I can assess your reasoning.”
I confirm I have reviewed Module 3 and am prepared to use the BOSS framework to deliver specific, behaviorally grounded feedback to OCOM students on rotation.
Your response is recorded automatically.
Module 3 complete ✓
Thank you. Your completion has been recorded.
Module 4 of 4  ·  Required  ·  8 min

The Preceptor-Student Relationship:
Expectations on Both Sides

Preceptor Orientation & Basics  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Describe OCOM’s expectations for the preceptor-student relationship, recognize signs of a struggling student, and know the steps to take — and who to call — when a concern arises during rotation.

“The relationship between a preceptor and a medical student is one of the most formative in a physician’s training. You are not just teaching clinical skills — you are modeling what it means to be a physician.”

— Office of Faculty Development, OCOM

What OCOM expects from the relationship

What OCOM asks of you
Treat students as junior colleagues with respect and clear boundaries
Provide regular, specific BOSS feedback throughout the rotation
Complete evaluations honestly and on time
Contact OCOM Clinical Education early if concerns arise
Model professional conduct and ethical practice
What students are expected to bring
Preparedness — reviewing cases and objectives before each day
Professionalism — appropriate dress, punctuality, patient communication
Active participation — asking questions, engaging with patients
Honesty about what they know and what they do not know
Respect for the clinical environment and your team

Recognizing a struggling student

Most rotation concerns are manageable when identified early. Early contact with OCOM’s Office of Clinical Education is not punitive — it is how we support both you and the student toward a better outcome.

Knowledge / clinical skills
Cannot generate a basic differential
Repeated errors after feedback
Difficulty organizing a presentation
Avoids procedures or patient contact
Professionalism
Unexplained tardiness or absences
Inappropriate patient communication
Defensive response to feedback
Visible disengagement
Wellbeing concerns
Visible distress or emotional dysregulation
Mentions of personal difficulties
Significant change in behavior
Any concern for student safety

When you notice a concern — your steps

1
Have a direct, private conversation. Name the specific behavior you observed. Use BOSS to keep it constructive.
2
Document what you observed. Date, behavior, conversation held — protects both you and the student.
3
Contact Clinical Education promptly. Email clinicaleducation@ocom.org with a brief summary. You do not need all the answers — just share what you observed.
4
For wellbeing concerns — contact the same day. If you are worried about a student’s safety or mental health, do not wait.
🎓 You have reached the end of your required preceptor training.
Completing this module marks the end of your four-module onboarding series. Thank you for your commitment to OCOM’s students — your role as a clinical preceptor is one of the most meaningful contributions you can make to the next generation of osteopathic physicians. We are glad you are part of the team.
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 4 completion form — finalizing your preceptor training
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
If you notice a performance concern during a rotation, you should: *
Wait until the end-of-rotation evaluation to document it
Have a direct conversation with the student and contact OCOM Clinical Education promptly
Dismiss the student from the rotation immediately
OCOM students on rotation are expected to: *
Function independently as unsupervised providers
Observe only and never interact with patients
Participate actively in patient care under your direct supervision
For a wellbeing concern, you should: *
Take on a counseling role and support the student yourself
Wait to see if the concern resolves on its own
Contact clinicaleducation@ocom.org the same day — do not wait
I confirm I have reviewed all four required modules and am prepared to serve as a clinical preceptor for OCOM students. I understand my responsibilities regarding student expectations, professional boundaries, escalation procedures, and Title IX obligations.
Submitting this form records your completion of all required preceptor training. A confirmation will be sent to you.
Training complete ✓
Thank you for completing all four modules. Your preceptor training record has been finalized. We look forward to supporting you as an OCOM clinical preceptor.
Module 5  ·  Orientation Track  ·  8 min

Student Expectations & Requirements:
What Your OCOM Student Needs to Succeed

Preceptor Orientation & Basics  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Describe what OCOM students are expected to know, do, and demonstrate on rotation — including objectives, evaluation criteria, required documentation, and professional conduct standards.

What your student is working toward

Every OCOM student arrives on rotation with a set of learning objectives specific to your specialty. These objectives define what they are expected to demonstrate by the end of the rotation and form the basis of their evaluation. Understanding these expectations helps you align your teaching and feedback with what matters most for their progress.

Four things every preceptor should know

1
Rotation objectives
Each specialty rotation has a written set of objectives available through OCOM’s Clinical Education Office. Review these before your student arrives — they tell you exactly what the student needs to practice and demonstrate.
2
Required documentation
Students must complete H&P logs, procedure logs, and reflective entries during their rotation. Ask your student to show you their log on day one so you can support their completion throughout the rotation.
3
Evaluation timeline
OCOM requires a mid-rotation check-in and a final evaluation. Both are completed by you through the OCOM preceptor portal. The mid-rotation check-in is formative — it is a conversation, not a grade. The final evaluation has direct impact on the student’s record.
4
Professional conduct standards
Students are expected to maintain professional conduct at all times — appropriate dress, punctuality, respectful communication with patients and staff, and academic integrity. Concerns about conduct should be raised with OCOM’s Office of Clinical Education promptly.

What students are expected to do on rotation

Academic responsibilities
Review relevant clinical material before each day
Complete H&P logs and procedure entries in real time
Seek feedback actively — not just wait to receive it
Complete required reflective entries on schedule
Prepare for mid-rotation and final evaluations
Professional responsibilities
Arrive on time and dressed appropriately for the clinical setting
Communicate respectfully with patients, families, and staff
Disclose knowledge gaps honestly rather than guessing
Follow HIPAA and patient confidentiality protocols
Respect the culture and workflow of your clinical site

When to contact OCOM

Contact the Office of Clinical Education if:
1
A student is not meeting rotation objectives despite feedback and support
2
You have a concern about professional conduct, attendance, or patient safety
3
A student discloses a personal situation affecting their performance
4
You are unsure whether a situation requires escalation — when in doubt, reach out early
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 5 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
OCOM students are required to complete which of the following during their rotation? *
A written research paper on a clinical topic
H&P logs, procedure logs, and reflective entries
A formal patient case presentation to OCOM faculty
If you are unsure whether a student concern requires escalation, you should: *
Wait until the final evaluation to document it
Contact the OCOM Office of Clinical Education early — when in doubt, reach out
Handle it independently without involving OCOM
I confirm I have reviewed Module 5 and understand what OCOM students are expected to know, do, and demonstrate on clinical rotation.
Your response is recorded automatically. A confirmation will be sent to you.
Module 5 complete ✓
Thank you. Your completion has been recorded.
Module 6  ·  Orientation Track  ·  10 min

Introduction to Precepting:
Principles & Practice for the Clinical Educator

Preceptor Orientation & Basics  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Describe the foundational competencies of an effective clinical preceptor, understand the educational partnership between OCOM and its affiliated sites, and apply a simple model for structuring clinical teaching encounters.

Teaching is different from practicing

Being an excellent clinician and being an excellent preceptor draw on overlapping but distinct skills. Most physicians were never formally taught how to teach — they learned by watching their own mentors and adapting over time. This module gives you a practical foundation so you can be intentional about your teaching from day one, rather than learning exclusively by trial and error.

“The best preceptors are not necessarily the most experienced clinicians — they are the ones who are most intentional about making their thinking visible to learners.”

— Office of Faculty Development, OCOM

Five competencies of effective preceptors

1
Create a safe learning environment
Students learn best when they feel safe to ask questions and make mistakes. Establish early that questions are welcome and errors are learning opportunities, not failures.
2
Make your thinking visible
Think out loud as you work. Walk students through your clinical reasoning, your differential, and your decision-making process. This is the most powerful teaching you can do.
3
Match challenge to competence
Give students tasks that stretch them slightly beyond their current level. Too easy and they disengage. Too hard and they shut down. Calibrate based on what you observe.
4
Give specific, timely feedback
Feedback closest to the observed behavior has the most impact. Even 60 seconds of specific feedback after a patient encounter is more valuable than a paragraph at the end of a rotation.
5
Model professionalism
Students are watching how you interact with patients, families, staff, and colleagues — not just how you diagnose. Professional modeling is constant and its impact is lasting.

A simple structure for any teaching encounter

The three-step teaching encounter
1
Before the patient: Ask the student what they expect to find and what they want to practice. Sets an intention and activates prior knowledge. Takes 60 seconds.
2
During the encounter: Let the student lead as much as safely possible. Step in to model when needed, then step back. Resist the urge to take over.
3
After the patient: Give one specific piece of BOSS feedback. What did they do well? What should they do differently next time? Takes 60 to 90 seconds.

Common preceptor pitfalls — and how to avoid them

Common pitfalls
Taking over patient encounters before the student has a chance to try
Giving only end-of-rotation feedback rather than in-the-moment guidance
Assuming students know what is expected without stating it explicitly
Treating all students at the same level regardless of their stage of training
Better approaches
Give the student a defined role before each encounter and let them lead it
Debrief briefly after every patient — even 60 seconds makes a difference
State your expectations explicitly on day one and revisit them at mid-rotation
Ask the student about their prior experience before assigning tasks
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
Module 6 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
Which of the following best describes the most powerful teaching a preceptor can do? *
Demonstrating procedures for the student to observe
Thinking out loud to make clinical reasoning visible to the learner
Assigning reading materials relevant to the rotation specialty
After a patient encounter, the most impactful feedback is: *
A written summary delivered at the end of the rotation
60 to 90 seconds of specific BOSS feedback immediately after the encounter
A numerical rating submitted through the OCOM portal
I confirm I have reviewed Module 6 and understand the foundational competencies and practices of effective clinical precepting at OCOM.
Your response is recorded automatically. A confirmation will be sent to you.
Module 6 complete ✓
Thank you. Your completion has been recorded.
Internal Medicine  ·  Module 1 of 2  ·  10 min

Teaching Clinical Reasoning
in Internal Medicine

Specialty-Specific Teaching  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Apply at least two strategies for making diagnostic reasoning explicit and teachable during Internal Medicine patient encounters, and structure brief teaching moments that develop students’ clinical problem-solving skills.

Why clinical reasoning is hard to teach

Expert clinicians often reason automatically — pattern recognition happens so fast it becomes invisible. For students, watching an expert work can feel like watching a magician: the right answer appears, but the process is opaque. Teaching clinical reasoning means slowing down and making the invisible visible. This is uncomfortable at first but becomes one of the most rewarding aspects of precepting.

Three strategies for making reasoning visible

1
Think aloud
Narrate your reasoning in real time. “When I hear chest pain with exertion in a 58-year-old, my first concern is ACS — here is why, and here is what I am looking for to rule it in or out.” Students cannot learn what they cannot hear.
2
Ask “what else?”
After a student presents a differential, push them with “What else could this be?” and “What would change your thinking?” These questions train diagnostic breadth and hypothesis testing — core skills for Internal Medicine.
3
Teach from uncertainty
When a case is ambiguous — and many IM cases are — say so. “This one is not clear to me either. Here is how I think through uncertainty.” Modeling intellectual humility is more powerful than projecting false certainty.

The one-minute teaching moment

You do not need protected teaching time to teach clinical reasoning. Every patient encounter contains a teachable moment. The key is structure — a brief, focused exchange that takes 60 to 90 seconds and leaves the student with one clear takeaway.

Sample teaching exchange — IM ward round
"Your student presents a 72-year-old with new confusion, low-grade fever, and urinalysis showing pyuria. She says 'I think it’s a UTI.' What do you do?"
1
Probe the reasoning: “Why do you think UTI rather than something else causing the confusion?”
2
Expand the differential: “What else could cause new confusion in a 72-year-old? Let’s think broadly — metabolic, neurologic, infectious.”
3
Teach the concept: “In elderly patients, UTI is often a diagnosis of exclusion for confusion — here is what I look for to be more confident.”
4
Close with BOSS: “Good instinct to think infection first. Next time also consider metabolic causes before settling on a diagnosis.”
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
IM Module 1 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
The most effective way to make clinical reasoning visible to a learner is: *
Demonstrating a complete patient workup from start to finish
Thinking out loud to narrate your diagnostic process in real time
Assigning the student to review UpToDate before the encounter
When a student presents a differential, asking "What else could this be?" is intended to: *
Test whether the student has memorized the correct answer
Train diagnostic breadth and hypothesis testing
Signal to the student that their differential is incorrect
I confirm I have reviewed IM Module 1 and am prepared to use strategies for teaching clinical reasoning during Internal Medicine patient encounters.
Your response is recorded automatically. A confirmation will be sent to you.
IM Module 1 complete ✓
Thank you. Your completion has been recorded.
Internal Medicine  ·  Module 2 of 2  ·  10 min

Bedside Teaching in Hospital Settings

Specialty-Specific Teaching  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Apply a structured approach to bedside teaching that maximizes student learning while maintaining patient-centered care, and use brief teaching techniques that work within the time constraints of inpatient Internal Medicine.

The bedside is the best classroom

Bedside teaching has been central to medical education for over a century — and for good reason. No simulation can replicate the complexity of a real patient encounter. Yet many preceptors avoid teaching at the bedside because it feels inefficient or risky. This module gives you a practical framework for making bedside teaching purposeful, safe, and time-efficient.

Before entering the room

A 60-second briefing changes everything
Tell the student their role: “You will take the history. I will observe and step in only if needed.”
Name one learning focus: “Pay attention to how the patient describes their pain — we will talk about it after.”
Set a patient expectation: “I am going to have my student work with you first — I will be right here.”

During the encounter

Effective preceptor moves
Stand slightly back — let the student hold the space
Use a nod or gesture to encourage rather than verbal interruption
Step in briefly to model, then step back and let student continue
Ask the patient clarifying questions that model history-taking style
What to avoid
Taking over the encounter when the student is doing adequately
Correcting the student in front of the patient in a way that undermines them
Using jargon when briefing the patient about the student’s role
Skipping the debrief because you are busy — even 60 seconds counts

After the encounter — the 90-second debrief

Structure every debrief the same way
1
Ask first: “How do you think that went?” Let the student self-assess before you speak. Self-assessment is a critical skill and most students do not practice it enough.
2
Reinforce one strength: Name something specific they did well — not “good job” but the exact behavior that worked.
3
Give one actionable suggestion: One thing to do differently next time. Not a list — one thing. Students can act on one thing.
🎓 Internal Medicine track complete.
You have completed both Internal Medicine specialty modules. These modules are a sample of the specialty-specific content available in the OCOM Preceptor Catalog. Additional specialty tracks will be added throughout the academic year. Thank you for your commitment to excellence in clinical education.
Rotation logistics & student concerns
Office of Clinical Education
clinicaleducation@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
IM Module 2 completion form
Takes about 2 minutes · your response is recorded automatically
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Knowledge check
Before entering a patient room for a teaching encounter, you should: *
Review the chart thoroughly so you can correct the student if needed
Brief the student on their role and one learning focus for the encounter
Let the student enter first without guidance so they can practice independently
In a post-encounter debrief, you should give the student: *
A comprehensive list of everything they need to improve
One specific strength and one actionable suggestion — then stop
A numerical score for their performance on that encounter
I confirm I have reviewed IM Module 2 and am prepared to apply a structured approach to bedside teaching during Internal Medicine patient encounters.
Your response is recorded automatically. A confirmation will be sent to you.
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Thank you for completing the Internal Medicine specialty track. Your completion has been recorded.
Specialty Teaching  ·  Extended Module  ·  30 min

Teaching Across Specialties:
The Generalist Preceptor

Specialty-Specific Teaching  ·  Office of Faculty Development, OCOM
By the end of this module you will be able to
Apply a flexible teaching framework when supervising students outside your primary specialty, use three strategies to manage knowledge gaps with confidence, and structure cross-specialty learning encounters that prioritize transferable clinical skills over specialty-specific content.
30
Minutes to complete
4
Sections with reflection activities
1
Detailed case study with guided debrief
1  ·  The challenge
2  ·  What transfers
3  ·  Managing gaps
4  ·  Case study
5  ·  Your toolkit
6  ·  Completion

Section 1  —  The challenge of cross-specialty teaching

Many clinical preceptors find themselves supervising students on rotations that are adjacent to — but not squarely within — their primary specialty. A family medicine physician may precept a student on a surgery rotation. An internist may supervise students rotating through a subspecialty clinic. A hospitalist may find their student is there for a neurology credit. This is common, and it creates a specific kind of anxiety: “What if the student asks me something I do not know?”

This module addresses that anxiety directly. The goal is not to make you an expert in every specialty — it is to give you a framework for teaching effectively even when the content is not your primary area. Because here is the truth that experienced preceptors know: the most important things you are teaching are not specialty-specific at all.

“A great preceptor in an unfamiliar specialty is still teaching clinical reasoning, professionalism, patient communication, and how to handle uncertainty. Those skills do not change when the diagnosis does.”

— Office of Faculty Development, OCOM

Who this module is for

Generalist preceptors
Family medicine, internal medicine, or primary care physicians who precept across multiple specialty rotations
Physicians who supervise students in community settings where specialty coverage varies
Preceptors whose students rotate through subspecialty clinics within their practice
Specialist preceptors
Specialists who occasionally receive students from outside their specialty track
Subspecialists who supervise third-year students early in their clinical training
Any preceptor who has ever felt uncertain about teaching a student in unfamiliar clinical territory
Reflection — before you continue
Think of a time you supervised a student in a clinical area that felt outside your primary expertise. What was your biggest concern in that moment?

Section 2  —  What transfers across every specialty

Before we talk about how to manage knowledge gaps, it helps to recognize how much of what you already do transfers perfectly across specialties. The table below organizes clinical teaching competencies by how specialty-dependent they are. Most of what makes a great preceptor is in the left column.

Teaching skill Specialty-dependent? What this looks like in practice
Clinical reasoning Low How to build a differential, test hypotheses, and manage diagnostic uncertainty — these principles are universal
Patient communication Low History-taking, delivering news, shared decision-making — modeled the same way across every specialty
Feedback delivery Low BOSS framework applies identically regardless of the clinical setting
Professionalism modeling Low How you treat patients, staff, and colleagues — always on display, always teaching
Documentation standards Medium Format varies but principles of clear, accurate clinical writing transfer well
Physical examination Medium Core exam skills transfer; specialty-specific maneuvers may require you to learn alongside the student
Specialty-specific procedures High Be transparent about your scope — refer students to specialty-specific resources for technical details
Subspecialty diagnosis criteria High Acknowledge gaps openly and model how to look things up appropriately
Key insight

The low specialty-dependence skills are also the hardest to learn and the most important for a physician’s career. When you teach clinical reasoning, patient communication, and professionalism — even in an unfamiliar specialty — you are teaching the things that matter most.

Reflection
Looking at the table above — which of the low specialty-dependence skills do you feel most confident teaching? Which would you most like to strengthen?

Section 3  —  Managing knowledge gaps with confidence

The fear of not knowing something in front of a student is one of the most common barriers to cross-specialty precepting. Here is a reframe that experienced preceptors find liberating: a knowledge gap, handled well, is one of the most powerful teaching moments you will ever have. It models exactly what you want students to do — recognize what they do not know, say so honestly, and know how to find the answer.

Three strategies for managing gaps

1
Name it and normalize it
When you encounter a knowledge gap, say so directly and without apology. “That is outside my primary area — let me show you how I would approach finding the answer.” This models intellectual honesty and professional humility.
2
Learn alongside the student
Look it up together. “Let’s find out.” Pull up UpToDate, a clinical guideline, or a trusted reference and work through it with them. This teaches information-seeking behavior — a skill students need for their entire career.
3
Redirect to transferable skills
When content is genuinely beyond your scope, redirect to what you can teach. “I can’t speak to the subspecialty details — but let’s talk about how you would present this patient and what questions you’d ask the specialist.”

Language that works

Instead of avoiding the question
“I’m not really the best person to teach you this rotation.”
“That’s not my primary specialty — let’s look at it together and I’ll share how I think through problems like this.”
Instead of bluffing
“Yes, I think the guideline says...” (when you are not sure)
“I want to make sure I give you accurate information — let me pull up the current guideline so we’re both working from the right source.”
Instead of over-apologizing
“I’m so sorry, I’m really not the expert here, you’ll have to forgive me...”
“Here’s what I know, and here’s where I’d go to fill in the rest. Let me show you.”

Section 4  —  Case study

Work through this case at your own pace. Read the scenario, reflect on each question, then reveal the suggested approach. There are no wrong answers — the goal is to think through the situation before seeing how an experienced preceptor might handle it.

Case: Dr. Rivera and the neurology student
Generalist preceptor  ·  Cross-specialty supervision  ·  Outpatient setting
"Dr. Rivera is a family medicine physician who has been an OCOM preceptor for three years. This month she is supervising Marcus, a third-year student on his neurology rotation. Dr. Rivera has solid general neurology knowledge but has never done a formal neurology fellowship and does not consider herself a neurologist. On day two, Marcus presents a patient with new-onset tremor and asks Dr. Rivera to walk him through the differential for movement disorders and explain how she would distinguish essential tremor from early Parkinson's disease. Dr. Rivera knows the basics but is aware her knowledge of the subspecialty nuances is limited."
Question 1 of 3
What is Dr. Rivera’s best first move in this moment? What should she say to Marcus before diving into the clinical content?
Dr. Rivera should name her knowledge scope directly and without apology: “Movement disorders are not my deepest area, but let me show you how I think through a new tremor presentation — and we can look up the subspecialty specifics together.” This sets an honest frame, models intellectual humility, and signals that she is going to teach process rather than pretend to subspecialty expertise she does not have. It also prevents Marcus from walking away with incorrect information presented as authoritative.
Question 2 of 3
Dr. Rivera walks Marcus through the general approach to a new tremor — history of onset, frequency, whether it is resting or action, medications, family history. She feels confident in this framework. Then Marcus asks specifically about the DaTscan and when it is indicated. Dr. Rivera is not certain of the current guidelines. What should she do?
This is a perfect learn-alongside moment. Dr. Rivera should say: “I want to make sure we get this right — let’s pull up the current guideline together.” She opens UpToDate or the AAN guideline, reads it with Marcus, and then discusses what it means for this patient. This models exactly the behavior OCOM wants students to develop: when you hit the edge of your knowledge, you go to a reliable source rather than guessing. It also teaches Marcus how to appraise clinical guidelines — a skill more valuable than memorizing the DaTscan criteria.
Question 3 of 3
At the end of the day Marcus tells Dr. Rivera he felt like he learned a lot but wonders if he would have learned more from a neurologist. How should Dr. Rivera respond?
This is an opportunity to be honest and reframe what learning looks like. Dr. Rivera might say: “A neurologist would absolutely have deeper subspecialty knowledge — and I’d encourage you to seek that out too. What I hope you took from today is how to approach an unfamiliar presentation systematically, how to find reliable information when you hit your limits, and how to present a patient clearly. Those skills will serve you in neurology and in every other specialty you rotate through.” This validates Marcus’s observation without being defensive, and redirects him to the transferable learning that did happen.

Section 5  —  Your cross-specialty teaching toolkit

This section gives you a practical set of tools to use before, during, and after any cross-specialty teaching encounter. Work through the pre-rotation checklist below, then review the quick-reference strategies you can pull up on your phone between patients.

Pre-rotation checklist — before your student arrives

Review the OCOM rotation objectives for this specialty — you do not need to know everything, but knowing what the student is expected to demonstrate helps you focus your teaching
Identify 2–3 clinical presentations you commonly see that connect to this specialty — these become your teaching anchors regardless of specialty-specific content
Bookmark one reliable quick-reference resource for the specialty (UpToDate, specialty society guidelines) so you can look things up efficiently during the rotation
Plan your Day 1 conversation — including being upfront about your specialty background and how you plan to approach teaching in this context
Identify a specialist colleague you can refer the student to for a shadow or teaching session if there are subspecialty skills central to the rotation objectives

In-the-moment quick reference

📋
When you hit a knowledge gap
“That’s outside my primary area — let’s look it up together and I’ll show you how I’d approach finding the answer.”
🔄
When to redirect
“Let’s set aside the subspecialty details for now — walk me through how you’d present this patient and what questions you’d want answered before making a decision.”
💬
When a student pushes back
“You’re right that a specialist would go deeper on that — here’s what I can teach you that applies everywhere: how to think, how to ask, and how to find the answer.”
Remember
1
You are always teaching clinical reasoning, communication, and professionalism — regardless of specialty
2
A knowledge gap handled with honesty and curiosity models exactly what you want your student to become
3
Contact the OCOM Office of Clinical Education if you have concerns about whether a student’s specialty-specific objectives are being met — we can help connect them to additional resources
🏅
AOA Category 1-A CME Credit  —  0.5 Credits
Complete the post-test below with a score of 80% or higher (4 of 5 questions correct) to generate your certificate of completion. You may retake the post-test as many times as needed.
🎓 Content complete — post-test next.
You have worked through all four content sections and one detailed case study. To claim your AOA Category 1-A CME credit, complete the post-test below. A passing score of 80% or higher generates a printable certificate immediately.
Step 1  —  Your information
Required for certificate generation
First name *
Last name *
Credential *
Date completed *
AOA member number (if applicable)
Hospital / clinic *
Specialty / department *
Step 2  —  Post-test  80% passing score required
5 questions  ·  Select the best answer for each  ·  Submit when complete
Question 1 of 5
According to the module, which of the following clinical teaching competencies is LEAST specialty-dependent?
Specialty-specific procedures such as lumbar puncture or joint aspiration
Subspecialty diagnosis criteria and staging systems
Clinical reasoning, patient communication, and professionalism modeling
Documentation formats specific to each specialty
✓ Correct. Clinical reasoning, patient communication, and professionalism are transferable across every specialty and represent the core of what generalist preceptors teach.
✗ Incorrect. Clinical reasoning, patient communication, and professionalism modeling are the competencies with the lowest specialty-dependence — these transfer across every clinical setting.
Question 2 of 5
A third-year student asks you a detailed question about subspecialty pharmacology that is outside your primary expertise. Using the framework from this module, what is your best response?
Provide your best approximation to avoid undermining your credibility as a preceptor
Acknowledge the gap directly, then look it up together using a reliable reference and discuss what you find
Tell the student that this question is beyond the scope of their rotation objectives
Refer the student to a textbook and revisit the question at the end of the rotation
✓ Correct. Acknowledging the gap honestly and looking it up together models the exact information-seeking behavior you want students to develop throughout their careers.
✗ Incorrect. The module recommends acknowledging the gap directly and looking it up together — this models intellectual honesty and information-seeking behavior, both critical physician skills.
Question 3 of 5
In the Dr. Rivera case study, what was the most educationally significant thing she did when Marcus asked about DaTscans?
She acknowledged her knowledge limit and used it as an opportunity to model how to find and appraise a clinical guideline
She demonstrated her neurology expertise by answering the question accurately from memory
She redirected Marcus to a neurologist who could answer the question more accurately
She explained that DaTscan criteria were outside the scope of the rotation objectives
✓ Correct. By acknowledging her limit and looking up the guideline together, Dr. Rivera modeled a skill more valuable than knowing the answer — knowing how to find, evaluate, and apply reliable clinical information.
✗ Incorrect. The most significant teaching moment was when Dr. Rivera acknowledged her knowledge limit and modeled how to look up and appraise a clinical guideline — a transferable skill more valuable than the specific content.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following best describes why a knowledge gap, handled well, can be a powerful teaching moment?
It allows the preceptor to avoid uncomfortable clinical questions without explanation
It signals to the student that they should seek a more qualified preceptor for future rotations
It reduces the student’s expectations so they are less likely to ask difficult questions
It models intellectual humility and the information-seeking behavior physicians need throughout their careers
✓ Correct. When a preceptor handles a knowledge gap with honesty and curiosity — naming it, looking it up, thinking through it openly — they model precisely the intellectual humility and information-seeking skills that define excellent physicians.
✗ Incorrect. A knowledge gap handled well is powerful because it models intellectual humility and information-seeking behavior — both critical physician competencies that students need to develop and sustain throughout their careers.
Question 5 of 5
A student at the end of a cross-specialty rotation tells you she felt she would have learned more from a specialist. Which response best reflects the principles in this module?
Agree with the student and apologize for not having deeper specialty expertise
Explain that generalist preceptors are just as qualified as specialists in all areas
Validate her observation honestly, then redirect her attention to the transferable learning that did occur — clinical reasoning, communication, and professional modeling
Tell her that specialty-specific knowledge is not part of the rotation objectives and therefore not relevant
✓ Correct. The module recommends validating the student’s observation without defensiveness, then redirecting to the transferable learning that occurred. This is honest, professional, and reinforces the value of what was actually taught.
✗ Incorrect. The right response is to validate the student’s observation honestly and then redirect her attention to the transferable learning that did occur — clinical reasoning, communication, and professional modeling — which are the most durable skills of her education.
CME questions
CME Office, OCOM
cme@ocom.org
Title IX concerns
Title IX Coordinator
titleix@ocom.org
Faculty development
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
abrice@ocom.org
OCOM
ORLANDO COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE
Office of Faculty Development  ·  AOA Category 1-A CME Sponsor
Certificate of Completion
This certifies that
Dr. Sarah Johnson
MD
has successfully completed the continuing medical education activity:
Teaching Across Specialties: The Generalist Preceptor
OCOM Preceptor Training Hub  ·  Specialty-Specific Teaching Track
0.5
AOA Category
1-A Credits
100%
Post-Test
Score
April 30, 2026
Date
Completed
Learning objectives addressed
Apply a flexible teaching framework across specialties · Manage knowledge gaps with confidence · Structure cross-specialty learning encounters
Activity details
Format: Online self-study  ·  Duration: 30 minutes  ·  Release date: AY 2025–2026  ·  Expiration: 2 years from release
Alexandria Brice
Alexandria Brice, Ph.D.
Director, Office of Faculty Development
CME Coordinator, OCOM
AOA Sponsor Verification
Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine
AOA Category 1 CME Sponsor
OCOM is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association to provide AOA Category 1-A continuing medical education. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the AOA CME Requirements. Certificate ID: